Thyroid Hormones for Fat Loss in Women

Q: “I’m a 40 year old woman who has always been extremely active, starting with competitive swimming as a child. I always eat according to what comes naturally, never counting calories or depriving myself, eating especially big after training as I then really have a lot of appetite. I’ve never had any problem with bodyfat so long as I trained hard. I’m still training hard, but now have fat trouble. I’ve tried T4 with wrong dosing, just dabbing with my fingertip from bulk powder. I had not known how powerful the material was. It was horrendous on my heartrate but I lost fat (and muscle.) Since then I’ve tried T3 with careful measurement of the dose, at 100 mcg/day. But it didn’t help me lose fat and pounding heart interfered with my training. Some fat loss supplements on the other hand have helped me, so surely thyroid hormone ought to? And what is the difference between T3 and T4?”

A: You’re very fortunate to have been able to remain lean while eating as you liked all this time, relying only on training. This comes with being genetically gifted rather than being the norm.

It’s likely that at age 40, this now will not be entirely the case and to get back to being lean it will be necessary to avoid increases in calories while seeking to lose fat.

Some fat loss supplements are somewhat effective in reducing appetite, as well as raising metabolic rate, or in some cases, even improving metabolic processes. Where caloric intake remains the same, the effect of nutritional supplements on fat loss is usually less than that of properly dosed thyroid hormone. However, where the supplement product has significant appetite suppressant properties, and in the individual case the person actually eats less, this can make a big difference to fat loss.

What likely happened for you with T3 was that food intake went up to match increased rate of calorie burning, so you had no fat loss.

With T4, the dose was likely so extreme that you had fat loss anyway.

It can’t be stressed enough how potent thyroid hormones are. They absolutely must not be overdosed. Powders should be never be used unless a person has the means to dose extremely small amounts with 100% certainty.

I recommend not exceeding 50 mcg/day with T3, divided preferably into at least 3 doses but certainly at least 2 doses. With T4, I recommend not exceeding 200 mcg/day.

T4 is longer-acting than T3 and therefore is more convenient to use. It requires conversion in the body to T3, which for some individuals can be a limiting factor. For them, T3 can be preferable. It seems that is not an issue for you, so you could use T4.

But next time, keep the dose limited to the above, and make sure not to allow caloric intake to increase along with your increased metabolic rate.

Aromatase inhibitors give women more muscle mass

Anastrozole ~ Men show little change in body composition if you block their estradiol production with the enzyme aromatase. In women things are different, oncologists at the University of Pittsburgh in the US discovered. Aromatase inhibitors boost muscle mass in the fair sex.

Let’s start with a recap: there are two sorts of anti-oestrogens. First of all there are SERMs, like Tamoxifen and Clomiphene. These block the estradiol receptors and thus prevent estradiol from doing its work. They often actually take over some of the functions of estradiol. In men SERMS raise testosterone levels; in women they don’t.

And then there are the aromatase inhibitors like Anastrozole. These interfere with the functioning of the enzyme aromatase as a result of which less androstenedione and testosterone are converted into estradiol.

Chemical athletes use anti-oestrogens to counteract the side effects of some anabolic steroids, but also to restore the body’s own testosterone production after taking a course of steroids. Doctors subscribe the same anti-oestrogens for breast cancer survivors, as they reduce the chance of the cancer returning.

Tamoxifen - Doctors have collected a lot of information on the side effects of SERMS, in particular those of Tamoxifen. Long-term use of Tamoxifen leads to negative changes in body composition. Women often lose muscle mass and build up fat. Not much is yet known about the side effects of aromatase inhibitors.

Letrozole - For example, what is the effect of aromatase inhibitors on women’s body composition? This is the question that the researchers set out to answer in the small study they did of 82 women, who they monitored over a period of two years. The women were all cancer survivors. Half of them were given a SERM – usually Tamoxifen. The other half were given an aromatase inhibitor, such as Letrozole, Anastrazole. During the 24 months that the study lasted the fat mass of the women who took SERMs increased by a kilogram, while there was no increase in fat mass in those who took an aromatase inhibitor.

SERMs had no effect on lean body mass, while the aromatase inhibitors led to more than a kilogram increase in lean body mass.

The aromatase inhibitors increased the amount of testosterone in the blood, and the researchers think that this was the reason for the increase in the women’s lean body mass.

Exemestane - We, the nit-picking compilers of this web magazine, have a teeny problem with this study: the researchers do not reveal how many of the women in the AI group were given exemestane. Moreover, we wonder whether the miraculous effects of the aromatase inhibitors would still be observed if the exemestane had been excluded from the study. Exemestane is not just an aromatase inhibitor: It’s also an androgen with an anabolic effect and it is an anabolic steroid.

7 Mistakes Women Make When Trying To Change Their Bodies

Women have made a huge impact on the hardcore training world. We’re busting the myths, disproving the lies, and taking the lead in helping other women look and feel amazing. Yet, mistakes still get made, often because we don’t have all the information we need in order to use the most effective strategies. The good news is that using the following three principles easily solves most of these mistakes:

1. Do some form of training with weights
2. Do some form of interval exercise in which you alternate bursts of effort with rest.
3. Eat a whole foods diet that optimizes protein and carb intake for your unique genetics.

This list will identify common errors and tell you how to use these principles so that you get everything you can out of your efforts.

Mistake #1: Focusing on Getting “Toned”

The average training program for getting “toned” has women lifting super light weights and doing bizarre exercises. This is not an effective strategy for changing your body.

We’re going to let you in on a little secret. Getting toned requires two things to happen:

• Lose excess body fat
• Increase the size of muscle cells to provide shape

Solutions: To lose excess fat, tighten up your nutrition—we suggest trying a whole higher protein diet that avoids all refined carbs and extra sugar. In addition, doing workouts that are metabolically taxing and significantly overloads the muscles will support your nutrition efforts. Best results will come from training “classic” lifts like squats, lunges, step-ups, presses, rows, pull-downs or chin-ups, etc. Use free weights that are between 65 and 80 percent of the maximal amount you can lift. If you can squat 100 pounds one time, then you need to use a weight that is at least 65 pounds when doing squats for reps. Do two interval “fat loss” workouts a week. This can be sprints or high-intensity training with weights (circuits or pushing a weighted sled).

Mistake #2: Not Prioritizing Training the Posterior Chain.

Men and women alike often ignore the muscles on the back side of their body in favor of “mirror” muscles like the upper arms, abs, and chest. Big mistake. Prioritizing the posterior chain allows you to train the largest muscles in the body that have the greatest effect on your metabolic rate. Optimizing strength and function of the posterior is particularly important for women for the following reasons:

• Women are at a disadvantage when it comes to leaning out our thighs and glutes. Studies show that women tend to lose fat from the upper body first when doing an exercise program, but have a much harder time losing lower body fat than men.
• Women’s bodies preferentially store fat in the hips and thighs for pregnancy, but they also have a greater number of alpha receptors in this region than men, which inhibits fat loss.
• Women are especially susceptible to strength imbalances between the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles (quads being strong and hamstrings being weak), which can lead to poor movement patterns and chronic pain.

Solution: Strengthen the posterior chain by doing multi-joint exercises, with a focus on lower body and total body lifts such as squats, deadlifts, step-ups, and lunges. Include single-leg training, hamstring curls, and back extensions to ensure balance. Throw in some high-intensity interval workouts to target the alpha receptors in the hips and thighs and enhance fat loss from the lower body.

Mistake #3: Eating High-Carb All of The Time.

You probably know that carbohydrates that are refined, processed, or have added sugar will do your physique no good. But, what you might not know is that planning all your meals around carbs, even if they are “healthy” whole carbs can be a problem for many women because of how our metabolisms work. At rest, women’s bodies rely more on burning glucose (from carbs) for energy than men (who burn more fat). In addition, women rely on fat for fuel during exercise to a much greater degree than men. This means that women’s bodies are set up to be metabolically flexible and be able to switch between burning fat and glucose with ease—a state that is beneficial for body composition and avoiding low energy levels. However, research shows that overweight women, especially those who are sedentary, have poor metabolic flexibility, which means their bodies have a harder time using fat for energy.

Solution: Two things can improve metabolic flexibility. First, reducing the proportion of calories you get from carbs in favor of protein and fat will improve metabolic flexibility. For instance, if you’re eating 55 to 70 percent of your calories from carbs, reduce carbs to 40 percent, increase protein to 25 percent, and fat to 35 percent. You could also try eating lower carb on days when you don’t work out and higher carb on workout days. Second, exercise is critical for women because it capitalizes on the fact that our bodies favor burning fat during vigorous activity.

Mistake #4: Getting Rest Intervals Wrong.

1. a rookie mistake that both men and women make is to choose machine-based exercises and then sit on the machines while they are resting. This is all-around bad: Bad etiquette, bad choice of exercises, and bad for your body since you’re not working hard enough to benefit from a passive rest.
2. trained women recover faster than men and they need shorter rest intervals. This is due to the fact that women’s bodies rely on aerobic energy pathways more than men and we deplete ATP and glycogen more slowly, but are able to generate energy at a faster rate.
3. not resting at all is also a problem. You have to allow time for anaerobic energy substrates like creatine phosphate to regenerate when doing heavy strength exercises, which takes about 3 minutes. But, women tend to carry the “no rest” metabolic mindset too far and apply it to strength workouts.

Solution: When training for strength in the big lifts use 2 to 3 minute intervals. For maximal attempts, give it at least 3 minutes. For high-intensity weight training workouts, feel free to use circuits with no rest, but alternate upper and lower body lifts. Advanced lifters may benefit from supersetting exercises, such as different squat variations (wide stance squats followed by close stance with heels elevated) using 10 to 30 seconds rest. With intervals, research suggests that women will benefit from submaximal sprints at 80 to 90 percent of maximal with a 2:1 or 3:1 work-to-rest ratio. If you’re doing 1-minute intervals, rest 20 to 30 seconds.

#5: Slashing Calories.

Cutting calories drastically (to the 1,200 a day range) is one of the worst things you can do if you want to lose fat. Fairly quickly, the body will downregulate your metabolism in order to preserve the fuel stores, and you’ll burn fewer calories daily. Top it off with needing to fight off hunger with willpower, and you’ll elevate cortisol. If you’re training hard in an effort to get things moving again, high cortisol will become a chronic problem and you can throw your hormones completely out of balance.

Solution: Never slash calories intentionally. Instead, figure out a way of eating that allows you to stay satisfied and avoid hunger. Most people find that higher protein, lower carb diets allow them to naturally eat less without trying because the protein leads to a better release of hunger-reducing hormones.

Mistake #6: Fearing Dietary Fat.

1. if you’re not eating fat, you’re probably eating carbs, and we already covered the problems with an all-the-time high-carb diet.
2. filling your diet with beneficial fats (nuts, seeds, meat, fish, eggs, dairy, avocado, coconut oil) provides nutrients so the body can produce brain transmitters, build bones, repair tissue, and have a healthy metabolism.
3. fat is critical for reproductive health in women because it’s used to manufacture hormones and improves gene signaling that regulates hormone balance.

Solution: If you’re in the habit of avoiding fat, start adding a little bit of good fat to every meal. First, pick your protein source. Does it naturally contain fat? For example, fish, whole-fat yogurt, or an egg all contain protein and fat, so you’re all set, and now all you need is to add a vegetable or fruit. If you’re eating fat-free yogurt or very lean meat, add some nuts, seeds, or an avocado for fat. Top it off with veggies or a bowl of berries and you’re in business.

Mistake #7: Ignoring that Exercise Is the Best Way To Solve Most Problems

Research into women’s physiology shows that many of our problems can be prevented or solved if we exercise the right way. Consider the following benefits of exercise on women’s health and well being:

• Physical activity reduces breast cancer risk because it improves estrogen metabolism and enhances immune function, lowering inflammation.
• Bone loss, fat gain, and health complications like high blood pressure are not inevitable as women age even though they are all associated with menopause. Research shows that a combination of strength training and conditioning can prevent all three, while also reducing risk of related problems, such as diabetes and heart disease.
• Women have higher growth hormone levels, a fact that women can capitalize on for better body composition, less belly fat, and healthier skin, hair, and nails. We experience a large increase in GH with certain types of exercise training.

Solution: If you’re new to exercise, or have been doing the same old cardio workouts forever, don’t be afraid. You don’t need a complicated lifting program or have to do all-out sprints at the track. What you do need is a plan every time exercise. Your plan should include what exercises you plan to do, weights, and the number of reps, sets, and rest periods you need to do. For interval training, the intensity needs to be relative to your conditioning and skill.

Here are a few ways for novices to begin:

• Try walking vigorously up a hill, and then leisurely back down. Repeat 4 to 10 times.
• Do 30-second to 1-minute long intervals on a bike. Start at a moderately high intensity so it feels “somewhat hard.” Use rest intervals that are the same duration as work intervals. Work up to doing “hard” intervals in which you go almost all-out.
• Try stair walking. Go to a stadium and walk up the stairs as fast as possible. Come down under control. Repeat 4 to 10 times.

Exercise and nutrition shouldn’t be complicated, but they should be individualized. Put in the effort to learn the basics. Figure out what works for your unique genes. This method does wonders for making fitness and health a fun part of your life rather than a struggle.

Shaping Your Arms

Many women struggle with flabby arms, commonly called batwings. This is simply an accumulation of body fat and lack of muscle development. You can have nice shapely arms by incorporating 3 essentials:

1. Quality Nutrition 
2. Resistance Training 
3. Cardiovascular Work Quality Nutrition for Shaping Your Arms 

In order to lose the excess body fat you have to eat right. This involves cutting out the obvious junk food and including more whole and natural foods. Eating a small balanced meal every three hours works well at stabilizing your blood sugar and curtailing cravings. I know the carb-craze is still in high gear, but there is a lack of quality carbohydrate information available. You can eat carbohydrates and lose weight. I have a ton of e-clients that are living proof. A balanced meal contains a protein, carbohydrate, and fat.

Resistance Training for Shaping Your Arms Resistance training will build the muscles, giving curves and shape to the arms. It will not create huge bulky arms, which is commonly feared among women. The more muscle you add to your arms, the leaner they will appear, as muscle takes up less space than fat and it's denser To work the back of your arms (triceps), try the following:

Overhead Extensions  - Stand up or sit in a chair and hold a barbell or dumbbell over your head. In a slow and controlled manner, lower it behind your head, keeping your elbows close to your head. Once you have lowered the bar as far as you can, bring it back to the starting position, contract the triceps, and repeat the movement.

Lying Triceps Extensions -  Lie on your back on a bench and hold a barbell extended out in front of you. Slowly and in a controlled manner, lower the bar right past your forehead, keeping your elbows close to your head. Once you have lowered it as far as you can, bring it back to the starting position, contract the triceps, and repeat the movement.

Bench Dips -  Place your palms on the bench or chair behind you. Extend your feet out in front of you, toes up and bend your knees. Slowly and in a controlled manner, keeping your elbows stationary and close to your body, lower your body down as far as possible. Be sure to keep your body close to the chair or bench. Using the triceps, rise back and contract your triceps, and repeat the movement.

To work your front of your arms (biceps), try the following:
Barbell Curls- Hold a barbell in front of you with your palms facing outward. In a slow and controlled fashion, curl the bar up toward your chest area, squeeze your biceps and release. Repeat the movement.

Alternate Dumbbell Curls - Hold a dumbbell in each hand with your palms facing your body. In a controlled manner, curl each one up individually and rotate the wrist so your palm is facing your shoulder when the curl is in the contracted position. Slowly release and repeat.

Cardiovascular Work for Shaping Your Arms Cardio is the back up method for losing body fat, with nutrition being the first. Use cardio to burn extra calories and stored body fat, but don't use it as the sole element in losing weight. Keep a balance of nutrition and cardio in your program to keep the body off guard and constantly responding. Begin cardio with 3 to 4 days a week for twenty minutes and slowly progress days and minutes each week. Doing so in this manner will prevent too much muscle loss and burnout. You want to make small changes each week to keep the body responding. Dramatic changes can cause the body to REACT.